Diseño y construcción de un sistema de control electrónico de posición de la mariposa de gases que permita realizar el análisis del comportamiento del consumo de combustible bajo distintas curvas de operación.

Abstract

A large part of the national vehicle fleet has an acceleration system using a drive mechanism based on a Steel cable which has several advantages such as reliability, low cost, and inherent simplicity in maintenance. Although these benefits, this system has a disadvantage from the point of view of engine efficiency since the linearity relation between the accelerator pedal and the throttle valve cannot be carried out. This situation forces the system to work always under the same positional relationship both, in low high performance of the vehicle. This project intends to vary the position between the accelerator pedal and the throttle valve to the respective measurement of the injection time under the influence of this relation, in order to find by means of mathematical techniques; the mathematical expression able to reduce the injection time, and consequently the reduction of emissions of residual gases coming from the burning of fossil fuels. In order to fully comply with all the requirements that the system has to perform, it was necessary to use an automatic control system based on different Arduino platforms such as: Arduino One and Pro-mini Arduino which enable to read and receive data from different sensors for their further processing, and get output signals governing the position of the acceleration throttle by implementing a servomotor directly coupled to levers opening or closing of the throttle valve. After carrying out several tests, it was possible to collect data that once tabulated; enabled to find the mathematical expression; under which the injection time is reduced. This time can be modified by varying the relative position of the throttle valve with regard to the accelerator pedal.