Diseño e implementación de un prototipo de posicionamiento sonar para la localización de objetos en ambientes acuáticos.

Abstract

In the current work, it was developed the study and positioning analysis of objects by means of SONAR technology, which allows us locate objects through soundwaves using the eco localization technique. To carry out the positioning test, three different scenarios were used in which their temperature, salinity and depth varied and with them, being able to evaluate the changes the wave sounds present in each of the scenarios. The iBobber eco localization device was used, which works with a 118 KHz frequency and a radiation beam width of 42° which allows us to reach a depth of 40 meters and the radiation produced in the bottom has a maximum diameter of 74 meters, the device can be connected to a cellphone by means of Bluetooth technology where positioning data can be collected. Through length and temperature measurement instruments, different data were gathered and then compared with the ones obtained with iBobber, and with the data observed, it was demonstrated the reliability of the device. The error when measuring the existing distance between the device and an object is 10 cm which makes it pretty reliable. For the features detailed, this positioning system turns to be a supporting tool for the localization of objects in different scenarios, which will allow giving it a vast use in different localization environments under water. It is concluded that SONAR technology can be used for positioning objects in different aquatic environments, but this technology presents certain disadvantages and constrains since the scope SONAR reaches depends on the frequency and beam width the device transducer has; therefore, it is recommended to develop a prior study with the features of the environment and the devices.