Diseño de una planta de tratamiento para la depuración de aguas residuales en la parroquia El Rosario, cantón Guano, provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

A treatment system was designed for the purification of wastewater in the Rosario parish, Guano canton, with the purpose of complying with the maximum permissible limits established in the Ministerial Agreement 097- A the Secondary Unified Text on Subsidiary Legislation, published in the Official record N0 387 From November 4, 2015 TABLE 9, Limits of discharge to a body of fresh water. The composition of the effluents becomes variable due to the daily activities of the people, a composite sampling was carried out to obtain a representative sample of the effluent that does not present alterations; the physicochemical characterization and microbiology allowed to identify the parameters that were out of range according to the Water Quality Standard are: DBO5, DQO, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Suspended Solids, Fecal Coliforms and Total Coliforms. The treatability tests were carried out, first an unaerated grit trap was simulated for the reduction of dissolved organic matter and suspended particles, then a flocculation simulation was carried out with the Jar test, where Aluminum Polychloride (PAC) 10 ° C. % and 5% polyelectrolyte were used. Finally chosen to use Sodium Hypochlorite for the elimination of pathogens. When identifying the design variables, the equipment was sized according to the physicochemical treatments of the wastewater, which are: Inlet channel, grid system or screening, rectangular waste, aerated air, Parshall channel, horizontal hydraulic flocculator, high settler rate, disinfection tank and a drying bed. The selected design was validated with the results of the final characterization of the water treated and the average percentage of removal of the parameters: DBO5, 99.25%, DQO 99.02% Turbidity 97.8%, Solids suspended 96.52%, fecal coliforms with a 99.99% removal. It is recommended to implement the wastewater treatment system to avoid contamination of Rio Guano.