Diseño y construcción de una planta de tratamiento prototipo de aguas residuales para la Empresa de lácteos San Salvador.

Abstract

The objective of this research is the desing and build a prototype to wastewater treatment plant for “San Salvador”, dairy Products Company in Riobamba city due this company throws its effluents from the production process into the public sewer system without any treatment process. It started to determine the flow effluent and its physical, chemical and microbiology characteristics getting high levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), oils and fats, turbidity, total and suspended solids which are in table 11, Book VI, Index 1, in Texto Unificado de Legislación Secundaria del Ministerio del Ambiente (TULSMA). Then treatability analyses were developed to establish the adequate treatment for the sewage water according the normative: grids, grease trap, sedimentation, aeration, coagulationflocculation and filtration, therebefore the prototype was analyzed in real parameters and preestablished desing equations. Finally the prototype was built using circular, rectangular plastic containers to each treatment, in an embedded system of iron from 2,40m x 1,80m, designed as a harrow to let the liquid circulation by gravity, each treatment phase with its accessories and functioned with 20 l/d as a flow in the design. Latest analyses developed in wastewater in the prototype plant proves a decrease of BOD5 93,52%; COD 92,37%; oils and fats 91,48%; turbidity 97,94%; total solids 80,10%, all these according the allowable discharge limits in the environmental normative. Concluding that the design, process and prototype accomplish the objective to decontaminate the residuals. It is recommended the built of the treatment plant as of the prototype model.