Diseño e implementación de un sistema de control y monitorización inalámbrica de un calefón solar de tubos al vacío para zonas rurales.

Abstract

A prototype of wireless control and monitoring system for a solar heater of vacuum tubes for rural zones was designed and implemented. The prototype has two parts: Transmitter and Receiver. The transmitter consists of a wireless part and a mechanical part. Regarding the mechanical part, this was implemented with a solar tracker which is able to reflect the solar rays on the collector tubes following the path of the sun's rays since the sun raises until it is hidden, for communication, a point-to-point net was implemented for the communication of the data transmitted from the sender to the receiver, for which an Arduino Mega Card was programmed, which is responsible for transmitting the sensor data through the wireless XBEE S2C module, the state of the solar tracker, as well as the control of the motors’ movement of the solar tracker in such a way that it reflects the solar rays on the collector tubes every hour while there is sunlight. The receiver formed by an Arduino Uno card receives the real-time data sent by the transmitter through the wireless transmission made by the XBEE S2C modules. This allowed a greater efficiency of water heating in the solar collector. From the implementation of the prototype of the system, an increase of 2 to 5 degrees Celsius was obtained in the water temperature of the solar collector. It is concluded that the implementation of the prototype improves the efficiency of water heating by 10%. It is recommended to conduct a reflectance study of existing materials in the market to improve the efficiency of the device.