Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales para la parroquia San Simón, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar.

Abstract

A System of wastewater treatment was designed for San Simón, a political-territorial división belonging to Guaranda canton located in Bolívar province. The purpose of this treatment system was to comply the current environmental regulations and thus to obtain quality treated water by reducing the concentrations of the parameters to the permissible limits established in the norm TULSMA, Ministerial Agreement 097 A of July 30, 2015, Table 9, Limits to a body of fresh water. This criteria; was the basis to develop two composite samples comprised of simple samples for two months. By means of the physical, chemical and microbiological characterization, it was possible to determine these parameters outside the permissible limits: colour, turbidity, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, barium, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and faecal coliforms. Treatability tests were conducted by the test method of jar with Aluminum Polychloride (PAC) and the Chemfloc auxiliary. When identifying the design variables, it was determined that the wastewater treatment system was comprised by six equipment: inlet channel, grid system, high rate settler, Parshall flume, mixer tank, slow sand and gravel filter, and a bed of drying. The proposed design was validated with the outcomes coming from the final characterization of the residual water and the average percentages of removal of the parameters: colour 97.27%, turbidity 99.46%, total suspended solids 86.91%, total nitrogen 79.22 %, Barium 79.98%, biochemical oxygen demand 92.71%, chemical oxygen demand 98.61%, and more than 99% of faecal coliforms. Implementing this system of wastewater treatment is recommended to avoid contamination of the Guaranda River, and improve the life quality of the inhabitants surrounding it.