Construcción y determinación de parámetros de funcionamiento de una turbina de flujo axial acoplada a una bomba de alta presión.

Abstract

Hydropower is a renewable resource which can satisfy a significant percentage of the energy required in the world. This project involves the design and calculation of the parts of a water micro – pumping station with a micro turbine, through which water flows. Usually small hydroelectric plants are not built to be considered unprofitable; however the objective of this work is to demonstrate that it is possible to install a low – cost central of high performance. The project begins with the search for a suitable location for the pumping station and due to the characteristics of the location, waterfall and flow, the proper turbine was chosen among the three most important types of turbines, it was determined that the best option was the axial Kaplan type. The calculation for the study were conducted following fundamental principles of physics, especially hydraulic and mechanics. The parts involved in this project are: the turbine which must be designed according to the characteristics of the place and hydraulic variables and the water conveyance canal, distributor, impeller, aerodynamic blades and draft tuve. Next step, calculating resistance of some elements of the turbine since it is an important part in the design. The sizes of these depend on the degree of stress they can bear. The project ends with the methodology of the construction, an essential part for the development of future projects.