Diseño de un Proceso para la Elaboración de Tableros Aglomerados a Partir de Envases Tetra Pak

Abstract

The design of a process for the production of chipboard from Tetra Pak containers was developed at the School of Chemical Engineering of the Polytechnic School of Chimborazo for the Crecer Development Agency in the city of Riobamba. In my research the experimental method was used to establish the design in order to determine physical-mechanical parameters of the boards to compare the results obtained with the different quality standards, in these parameters were used materials such as micrometer and calibrator to measure the dimensions of the boards, as well as the balance and the stove to weigh and determine the percentage of humidity of the same. The raw materials used for the production of the agglomerated boards were Tetra Pak containers, a hydraulic press for pressing and circular saws for cutting. The physical-mechanical properties of the boards were determined following the stipulations of the Venezuelan Standard COVENIN N° 847- 91 Chipboard; the Colombian Technical Standard NTC N° 2261 Chipboard for non-structural interior applications; and the Ecuadorian Technical Standard NTE INEN N° 896: 2005 Chipboard, plywood and wood fiber boards, in which in addition to the qualitative tests which are appearance, consistency and ease of cutting, the modulus of rupture was determined btaining 16. 77 N/mm2, an apparent density of 766. 76 kg/ m3, moisture content of 3.30 %, water absorption of the board by total submersion at 2 and 24 hours of 17.27 % and 29.66 % respectively, and finally water swelling by total submersion at 2 hours 18.33 % and 24 hours 32.05 %. We conclude that the chipboard that has optimal characteristics, from the technical point of view and after several tests is the one that withstands 20 tons of pressure, 180 ° Celsius, carried out during a residence time of 20 minutes.