Diseño de un proceso industrial para la obtención de calcio a partir de la cáscara de huevo

Abstract

This curricular integration work was carried out because the egg-producing industries discard a large number of eggshells, considered as organic waste. Therefore, these agro-industrial wastes were considered an alternative for the development of different products; their use contributes to reduce the environmental impact and offers relative advantages due to their low cost and availability for acquisition. The objective of this technical project was to carry out an industrial design for obtaining calcium from egg shells. This study was based on two extraction methods, the first in acetic acid solution and the second by calcination. The process begins with washing followed by disinfection of the raw material, which is eggshell, using water and vinegar. Then, the eggshell is dried at a temperature of 60°C and the shell membrane is removed. Subsequently, the eggshell is crushed and sieved, and then calcined at 600°C. The ash is then dissolved in acetic acid at 0.8M, the solution is evaporated at 100°C and finally calcined at 800°C to form calcium oxide. The best method was chosen with a yield of 66.56% of calcium oxide obtained by method one acetic acid solution. For the industrial design process in order to obtain a daily production of 5 pounds of calcium oxide, a simple evaporator tank was designed and included manufactured equipment such as: industrial muffle, tray dryer and hammer mill. The characterization of the raw material was carried out with NTE INEN 1973:2011 COMMERCIAL EGGS AND OVOPRODUCTS. REQUIREMENTS and the physical analysis with NTE INEN 2589:2011 LIVE LIME, HYDRATED LIME AND LIMESTONE. TEST METHODS FOR PHYSICAL ANALYSIS.