Diseño de un biodigestor para la producción de biogás a, partir de las excretas de ganado porcino en la chanchera “Naúl Vélez” del Recinto Timbre, Parroquia San Mateo, Cantón y Provincia de Esmeraldas

Abstract

The aim of this project was to design a biodigester for the production of biogas from swine excrement generated by Naúl Vélez piggery located in the Timbre rural area, San Mateo parish, Esmeraldas county and province. The excreta were quantified for 14 days and a composite sample was taken; in addition, physical, chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out. Optimal parameters were determined by means of a 20-liter polyethylene prototype. Temperature and biogas production were monitored through the flame test method and the test tube. Finally, the calculation for the design was carried out. It was evidenced that 26 pigs generate 34.97 kg of excreta a day, which presented 74.4% of organic matter; 42.49% of organic carbon; 1.30% of total nitrogen; 69.61% of humidity; 30.39% of total solids; 8.24X10^9 of total coliforms, 31.69% of Carbon/Nitrogen ratio (C/N). The optimal parameters were: excreta-water ratio 1:2, a retention time of 40 days, a temperature of 27.5°C. The biodigester calculation presented a safety factor of 5%, a load of 104.91L for 8 days, total volume of 1090.57 L, height of 1.395 m and 1 m in diameter, data adjusted to existing polyethylene tanks, the design consisted of 5 plastic tanks with a capacity of 1100L, which were equipped with valves, inlet, outlet and biogas piping, water and iron filters, pressure gauges and thermometers. In conclusion, it was established that the design of a biodigester minimizes the environmental impacts produced by the excrement generated in the piggery. It is recommended for the owner to implement the project in order to take advantage of such waste by converting it into usable products to meet their needs as in the case of biogas for cooking food.