Desarrollo de una prótesis mioeléctrica móvil para transferencia de calor en pacientes con amputaciones transradial para el grupo de investigación IDIPM-001.

Abstract

This work aimed to develop a low-cost mobile myoelectric prosthesis by integrating an electronic system for heat transfer between external devices and patients with trans-radial amputations. The development process began with digitizing the unaffected limb and the amputation using 3D scanning technology. The Meshmixer and FUSION 360 software were used to design the prototype. The prosthesis elements were manufactured using 3D printing, using a combination of materials such as PLA and TPU to achieve adequate resistance and flexibility. The electronic circuit was mainly composed of three servo motors, two SHT25 temperature sensors, a Myoware sensor, an Arduino Nano microcontroller, a Micro Servo Controller (Polulo), a voltage regulator, a 450 mAh battery, and a circuit designed to control the temperature of the Peltier Cell. These components were strategically distributed in the prosthesis using the space between the hand, arm, and stump. The programming carried out in the Maestro Control Center included a calibration phase of the patient's muscle signals to detect and respond to muscle stimuli. In addition, the Arduino Nano allowed the temperature of the prosthesis to be controlled using the Peltier Cell to safeguard the integrity of the patient and the device. Statistical analysis obtained an average latency of 250.7 milliseconds and a percentage margin of error of 1.23% in the temperature measurement. The total cost of the prototype was estimated at $837.52, which was relevant based on its economic accessibility. The functional tests were carried out on a patient with this type of amputation, where it was possible to verify that the prosthesis was functional and optimal for its implementation.