Distribución espacial de los parámetros químicos, físico-mecánicos del suelo en la comunidad de Piamonte, parroquia Pan de Azúcar, cantón San Juan Bosco, provincia de Morona Santiago

Abstract

This research deals with chemical, physical-mechanical parameters of the soil at the study area, as there is currently little research on the topic. The main objective was to analyze the spatial distribution of the parameters to facilitate informed decisions on the use and exploitation of the soil. To achieve this, a detailed literature review was conducted to identify the most appropriate methods and equations to study the spatial distribution of soil. Subsequently, advanced field techniques were implemented. They included a structured sampling design based on a grid network and the collection of samples on site. Each sample was carefully labeled and analyzed. Laboratory tests performed on the samples allowed to determine specific values of the soil parameters considered. The applied methodology determined 20 strategic sampling points. Statistical analysis of data collected revealed that, moisture content followed a normal distribution so as other parameters presented more complex and less defined distribution patterns. Spatial distribution maps were produced using three different techniques: Kriging, Weighted Distance Inversion (WDI) and Kriging with variogram. A critical stage of the research referred to a cross-validation of the methods to determine which is the one with the lowest error rate. The results demonstrate that the Ordinary Kriging method was the most suitable for mapping variables such as moisture content, density, and gravel content. Kriging with variogram showed better results for parameters such as plastic boundary, sand, fines, pH and electrical conductivity, instead IDW excelled in mapping the liquid boundary. This study provided valuable information of understanding and effective soil management in the study area.