Implementación del sistema de inyección electrónica de combustible para mejorar parámetros de funcionamiento del motor en competición del vehículo Toyota Land Cruiser FJ40 de la carrera de Ingeniería Automotriz

Abstract

The carburetor is an essential component of the combustion system of vehicles, but they produce high exhaust gas pollution, high fuel consumption, difficulty in cold starting, instability at idle, have problems in providing the optimum air-fuel mixture, according to studies, a carburetor vehicle pollutes up to 30% more than those with injection systems. Therefore, the objective of this project was to replace the carburetor fuel system with a multipoint electronic injection system, in order to improve the operating parameters of the Toyota Land Cruiser FJ40 engine. The methodology that allowed carrying out this project was the experimental and inductive method, for the conversion from carburetor to the injection system was used simultaneous multipoint electronic injection system, which consists of an electronic control unit (ECU) standard Daewoo Cielo vehicle, temperature sensor (ETC), air pressure sensor (MAP), magnetic speed sensor, throttle vane position sensor (TPS), air control valve (IAC), high flow nozzle injectors with a flow rate of 96 cm3/min, a high pressure fuel pump delivering 4 bar of pressure and a flow rate of 48 l/h to the system, an ignition coil of 30kv output, electrical system harness that links all this system with ECU. Consequently, the respective comparisons were made regarding to the carburetor system, resulting in a 3,7% increase in torque and 23% increase in power with respect to the carburetor system. In terms of emissions, a 7,26% reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) and 500ppm hydrocarbons (HC) was evidenced, thus complying with NTE INEN 2204 regulations. In conclusion, the injection system implemented improved the performance of the vehicle and helped to reduce the percentage of exhaust gas emissions.