Revisión sistemática de algoritmos de rastreo del punto de máxima potencia en paneles fotovoltaicos y propuesta de diseño de un nuevo algoritmo.

Abstract

The objective of the present research was the study of maximum power point tracking algorithms in photovoltaic panels or Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), in order to propose an alternative MPPT algorithm approach. Firstly, a review of the state of the art was carried out to collect information and determine the most relevant algorithms reported in the literature. And then, the modeling of the photovoltaic panel and the DC-DC converter was carried out, to use them in the simulation and implementation phases. Regarding the alternative MPPT algorithm development, the logic used in the Perturbation and Observation (P&O) algorithm was taken as a starting point, and then the trapezoid method used to calculate approximations of definite integrals was used, but some variants needed to fit the approach of the new MPPT algorithm. Due to this study, the proposal was named MPPT Trapezoidal Areas Algorithm. Once the new algorithm was defined, the simulation and implementation were carried out, putting it to test under irradiance disturbances, load, and temperature, and then to compare the results with P&O and Incremental Conductance (IC) algorithms chosen as the most relevant in the literature. As A result in the simulation in the static regime, the Trapezoidal Area method obtained the same performance as the P&O method, managing to extract 99,45% of the power from the panel, while the CI method extracted 89,28%. However, in the tests performed in the implementation, the P&O algorithm was the most efficient. It should be emphasized that the implementation tests were carried out in uncontrolled environments due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, so this could interfere with the results. Due to this, it is recommended to work in a controlled environment of solar irradiation and temperature.