Desarrollo de una guía técnica para la construcción de un uav tipo cuadricóptero de bajo costo y alto rendimiento para aplicaciones diversas

Abstract

This project aimed to create a detailed technical guide for designing and constructing a functional quadcopter. Mechanical aspects were addressed, such as the study of materials to achieve high strength and lightness through selection by the corrected ordinal method of weighted control. The mechanical behavior was analyzed and validated with analytical calculations and the Finite Element Method. The aerodynamic study of the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) was supported by the Momentum Theory and the Propeller Element Theory, which allowed calculating the power necessary for flight. After mechanical design, construction was carried out using 3D printing to ensure precision and quality. The essential components, such as batteries, flight controllers, ESC, motors, and propellers, were carefully selected in the electrical and electronic phases. Each component fulfilled a specific function to ensure stable flight autonomy. The choice of the flight controller, whether open or closed source, was crucial in the electronics phase, as it acted as the quadcopter's central memory, receiving commands from the remote control or the Mission Planner command station. Proper flight controller programming was essential for a stable and safe flight. The project provided a comprehensive guide to building a quadcopter, detailing every factor. With this guide, builders can develop a reliable and safe drone that meets mechanical and electronic requirements for a successful flight.