Evaluación de catalizadores Monometalico (Ni) Y Bimetalico (Zn y Ni) en pirolisis de plásticos

Abstract

Pyrolysis is a way of reusing plastic waste to obtain higher value-added products; within which a variety of catalysts can be used, which are mainly used to obtain better quality products and to accelerate the reaction. For this reason, a mixture of polystyrene and polypropylene plastic waste was used at 75% and 25%, respectively, with 1% catalysts. For this process, zeolite ZSM-5 mono metallic (Ni) and bimetallic (Ni/Zn) catalysts were used in order to evaluate their behavior during pyrolysis, as well as to characterize the liquid fraction obtained by gas chromatography analysis. The process was carried out in a pyrolysis equipment in which a rectifier or tubular reactor was adapted for the activation of the catalyst. In the reactor with heating jacket, hydrogen was injected at continuous flow, taking into account the degradation temperature of polystyrene and polypropylene, it is expected to reach the set point of 425°C, in order to verify the performance of the catalyst in the pyrolysis, because when the reactor reaches this temperature it tends to remain constant over time, and it would be known that the reaction has been completed. Once the liquid and solid product was obtained, we proceeded to perform the physicochemical analysis. It was concluded that the use of these catalysts contributed significantly in the reduction of reaction time, since compared with the fuel without the use of catalyst, the reaction time was reduced up to 50% and as for its composition in the blank the percentage of aromatic compounds was 53.14% while the samples with the use of mono-metallic and bimetallic catalyst obtained 83.24% and 87.22%.