Evaluación de tres tipos de injertos de Malus domestica (manzana) en un sistema agroforestal en la parroquia Bayushig cantón Penipe provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

This research was carried out in San Antonio de Bayushig town, Penipe city, Chimborazo province. The study aimed to evaluate three types of grafts: terminal spike graft, lateral spike graft, and bud graft in Malusdomestica Borkh in an agroforestry system. Malusdomestica variety Carmelita was used as control and Malusdomestica variety Emilia and Tortera as bracing. Ninety-six seedlings were grafted in order to verify which type of graft is adequate to improve agroforestry systems. For the study analysis, vegetative variables were identified, such as the percentage of attachment, the length of the best-developed leaf, the width of the best-developed leaf, the number of buds, the height of the graft, the length of the graft and the number of leaves. Each one showed significant differences which were revealed through the non-parametric analysis of variance (Kruskal Wallis). For the evaluation of the percentage of take based on the grafting methods practiced in the species Malusdomestica Borkh, in the two varieties, 100% take was obtained in the different evaluation ranges. Once the results of the investigation were analyzed, the best grafts for the recovery of agroforestry orchards are the graft on the terminal spike and lateral spike on the Emilia variety, according to the vegetative variables evaluated and their production costs. It was recommended for the recovery of agroforestry orchards to implement the grafting technique in the terminal spike and lateral spike.