Diseño, fabricación y construcción de los sistemas del tren motriz, frenado y suspensión de la tracción de un vehículo utilitario eléctrico

Abstract

The aim of this degree work was to address issues related to the reliability and importance of allowing the entry of hybrid or electric vehicles into the Ecuadorian vehicle fleet. In terms of reliability, driving routes at different elevations were used to determine under what circumstances a 100% electric vehicle performs best, and also relate the capabilities and performance of the electric motor. By means of the analytical methodology, a study of electrical consumption, vibrations and braking time was carried out, which determined that it is capable of achieving a condition of cargo vehicle or personnel transport within an institution with a closed circuit like Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. As a positive internal factor, it can be said that Ecuador has a great capacity for the production of electric energy, both in hydro and wind sources, which are present in great magnitude in our country. Through the data obtained from the performance of the electric vehicle and its interpretation, it was possible to identify a significant difference in the performance of the electric motor on routes with slopes less than 5% and greater than 5%, as well as the ideal route for this type of vehicle. It is concluded that an electric vehicle of 220 Watts, 72 Volts and 12 Ampere capacity, performs better in driving routes that do not include slopes of more than 5%, in which an average intensity of 7.97 A and an average autonomy of 1.65 hours are obtained. In this way, it was possible to establish recommendations for future studies on the continuous innovation in storage sources, such as lithium-ion batteries, which due to their higher capacity and low memory effect are a better option for electric vehicles.