Obtención de ladrillos plásticos según la Norma NTE INEN 317 en polipropileno reciclado de fácil acoplamiento mediante el método de inyección de polímeros

Abstract

The objective of this project was to obtain plastic bricks according to the NTE INEN 317 standard in recycled polypropylene of easy coupling through the polymer injection method, this sought to reduce construction costs and facilitate access to social housing and involve the circular economy through recycling. The identification of the design was very important for the brick and the injection mold itself, which was based on the study of wall technology, the properties of the material and the similar options available on the market, with CAD/CAM/CAE tools analyzing the loads that act for each system. For the test protocol, recycled polypropylene was injected, and several pieces were obtained with the desired finish and dimensions. The product was analyzed, and its mechanical properties were determined to check its resistance. For this, calibrated machines from the Carrocero Metalworking Productive Development Center were used, obtaining a maximum compression force of 2.60 kN corresponding to a maximum force of 14.38 MPa, in terms of bending, the brick withstood a maximum force of 4.5 kN corresponding to a maximum force of 444.58 MPa, in addition to a hardness of 68.5 Shore D based on the ASTM D2240-15 Standard and medium grade flammability resistance using ISO 11925-2. It is concluded that the product obtained can support the loads expected in the structure of a wall when comparing the experimental and simulated results; being functional, ecological plastic bricks, easy to assemble and that can be implemented in the construction of affordable housing. It is recommended in the design to refer to the INEN 638 Standard for product sizing; In turn, for the injection mold, implement a sliding skid ejection system and as a proposal use HDPE material to be injected.