Descripción anatómica de cinco especies de importancia forestal, procedentes del bosque secundario en el sector El Rocío, del cantón Loreto, provincia de Orellana.

Abstract

This research offers information about the study of wood, for which the anatomical description of five species of forest importance was proposed, coming from the secondary forest in the El Rocío zone, in the Loreto canton, Orellana province. For the development of the study, the species were identified in the Herbarium of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. For the description of the organoleptic characteristics, samples with dimensions of 15 x 8 x 2 cm were obtained by analyzing color, odor, texture, grain, flavor, luster and grain. For the study of anatomical characteristics, cubes measuring 2x2x2 cm were dimensioned. To soften them, each sample was placed in glass vials with distilled water of volume covered with aluminum foil in the autoclave at a temperature of 121 degrees Celsius, pressure 1.1 atm, cuts were made in the three planes: transverse, radial and tangential with the rotary microtome; then it was stained with Astrablue / Safranina, managing to observe the anatomical structures between the three cuts. To calculate the density, a cube of each sample was weighed and for the volume it was calculated with a calibrator, carrying out the formula for calculating the density, resulting in Ot Virola glycycarpa Ducke being high density and Apeiba membranácea being low. To determine the pH, 10 grams of substrate (sawdust) were weighed and distilled water was placed forming a homogeneous mixture to then take the pH, Apeiba membranácea, with an alkaline pH and for Virola glycycarpa Ducke, with an acid pH. The best stain for the three cuts was the combined staining, very different structures are observed, in which comparative tables were created using an análisis of variance. The samples of each collected species could be dendrologically identified, it is recommended to take precision in time, with the plates at the time of being stained since this factor can hinder the observation process under the microscope.