Desarrollo, elaboración y caracterización de un material compuesto con base de materiales reciclados para la fabricación de ladrillos destinados a mamposterías con propiedades de aislamiento

Abstract

The present research work aimed to develop, elaborate, and characterize a composite material based on recycled materials for the manufacture of bricks for masonry with acoustic insulation properties. For which a bibliographic review was carried out that allowed to propose five possible mixtures that vary in the percentages of clay, water, PET, and rubber (the last two obtained from recycling) that promise to behave as acoustic insulators. To characterize each one of the materials in the samples, physical and mechanical tests were carried out such as: determination of density and porosity; and bending test, respectively. In addition, simulations were performed with the Comsol Multiphysics software version 5.6 to determine the acoustic absorption coefficient, which let determine the sample with the best acoustic insulation performance. As a result, the density, porosity, Young's modulus, sound speed, and acoustic absorption coefficient were obtained for each mixture. It was concluded that of the five mixtures studied, the most favorable is the one with 20% rubber as aggregate with an acoustic absorption coefficient of 0.7, which represents 200% of the value of a standard sample tested without compromising its other properties. It is recommended not to consider PET in future studies as it does not show adequate behavior to improve the acoustic absorption coefficient in the manufacture of bricks.