Diseño de un manual de seguridad y riesgos para los laboratorios de la Facultad de Ciencias bloque central (auditorio y los laboratorios de Ingeniería de Reacciones y Control de Procesos, Energías alternativas y ambiente, Modulación y sistemas, Análisis bioquímicos y bacteriológicos, parasitología y microbiología clínica)

Abstract

In the present degree work, a Comprehensive Management and Risk Plan (PIGR) was developed for the Central Block of the main building of the ESPOCH Faculty of Sciences, to prevent and mitigate the risks that affect human integrity, infrastructure, and resources. The initial situation of the Block was analyzed. The format of the National Risk and Emergency Management Service (SNGRE) that contains five phases was used as a guide. The first one refers to the characterization of the entity. The second contemplates the guidelines for the reduction of risks; the third includes managing an emergency, the fourth examines institutional recovery, and the fifth the actions for the validation of the Plan. At the end of this stage, it was necessary to implement; the safety signage under the NTE INEN-ISO 3864-1: 2013 standard, emergency lights under the NFPA 101 standard, first aid kits, the early warning system, evacuation routes, meeting point and safe area under current regulations. The risk of fire was evaluated with the MESERI method and a value of P: 2.94 was obtained for floor 3, which represents a severe risk caused by the oxidizing material and the lack of fire-fighting equipment, for which purpose portable extinguishers were implemented under the standard NFPA 10. The INSHT General Risk Assessment Methodology was used to identify occupational hazards, the Biochemical and Bacteriological Analysis laboratory was the most critical, indicating 7 physical risks caused by insufficient ventilation, the use of high-pressure equipment and temperature, the incidence of fire and explosion. It is recommended; perform measurements of the physical risks, and establish the permissible limits, carry out a simulation that evaluates the responsiveness of the members of the Block to an adverse event.