Obtención y evaluación de saponinas hidrolizadas provenientes del Mojuelo de Quinua Amarga (Chenopodium quinoa) a partir de una hdrólisis ácida.

Abstract

The purpose of the present research work was to obtain sapogenins from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) saponins by hydrolysis, evaluating the best conditions that allow to have a higher percentage, for which time and concentration of the acid in the hydrolysis process. Three samples of hawthorn from quinoa producing companies were compared, selecting the one with the highest amount of foam and the longest stability time. Standardized methods based on a combination of solvents and different temperatures were used for the extraction process; The extracted saponin crude was fractionated by a Sephadex LH20 column and evaluated by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to verify its components. The saponin crude was hydrolysed with the application of different treatments and varying the hydrolysis time (3, 6, 15 hours) and concentration. of acid (1N, 2N, 3N), determining how these factors influence the percentage of sapogenin yield. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was used to separate the compounds and to characterize the infrared spectrophotometry functional groups. Based on the foam method, it was obtained that the sample of bitter quinoa hawthorn from Calpi presented a percentage of 44.98% of saponins. In it he studied by HPLC two types of saponins were identified. Of the different treatments applied for hydrolysis, two compounds were isolated Ss1 and Ss2 at concentrations of 1N and time of 15 hours and were characterized by infrared spectrophotometry. Finally, it is recommended to continue the study with the structural elution by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).