Registro del patrimonio arqueológico de los Pukaras en el área arqueológica del Monte Puñay, provincias de Cañar y Chimborazo.

Abstract

The following investigation's objective is to register the archaeological heritage of the Pukaras in the archaeological area of Mount Puñay Cañar and Chimborazo province; where the following procedure was carried out: bibliographic research techniques were used to contextualize the presence of pukaras in the Andina area, in the topographic charts of the Military Geographic Institute (1992) and in Google Earth Pro 7.3, an aerio analysis was made considering words of the Cañari and Kichwa toponymy: Pucara (Pucara), Churo loma (Pukara), Pu (mountain), kay (river), Pata (cultivation terrace archaeological, prospection) to verify variables such as: Size, location orientation, visibility, photographic record. Giving as results the archaeological protection of the study area, through the contextualization of 24 pukaras, where a different pattern to those mentioned in other sites of the Andes of Ecuador was evidenced. These pre-Inca ceremonial sites have been built on the tops of the mountains, knives or hills, with a terrera architectural typology, where a pyramidal structure or stepped churo stands out, composed of terraces located on the lateral flanks and an oval mound located in the upper part of the pukara. In this sense, this archaeological space is configured as a "Cultural Landscape of an Ice Berg", in which the Pukara del Puñal is the reference center of 23 minor pukaras, located 75 in knives and 25% in hills, oriented a 75% to this hatun Pukara Puñay and 25% oriented to the astronomical phenomena of solstices and equinoxes. In a second phase of pukaras project, it is possible to carry out prospection interventions to the sites destined to determine the social occupations, and to date the constructive cycles by means of radio carbon dates and the whole process of agrocultuzation of the cultural landscape can be understood.

Keywords: ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE-ARCHEOLOGICAL REGISTER-ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREA-CULTURAL TOURISM.