Evaluación para el aprovechamiento de las saponinas de los residuos de Quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) como inhibidoras de hongos fitopatógenos.

Abstract

In this research work an aqueous saponins extraction was obtained from residues of Chenopodium quinoa Willd episperm, to inhibit the in-vitro growth of phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Pythium sp., Alternaria sp., and Botrytis sp.) isolated from tubers of Solanum tuberosum, Rubus ulmifolius, soil and leaf samples in PDA culture medium. The afrosimetric method was applied to determine the existence of saponins in Chenopodium quinoa Willd and it was verified that they belong to a diverse range of bitter plants, from this procedure, the aqueous saponins extraction was obtained through the Soxhlet method, 5 concentrations were applied at 100%, 87.5 %, 75%, 50% and 37.5% V/V. The UV-vis spectrophotometric method was used to quantify the saponins extracts content at a wavelength of 528 nm. The concentrations of the aqueous saponins extracts with Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) culture medium were placed in Petri dishes and the fungi under study were inoculated in order to observe and measure their in-vitro growth for nine days. A completely randomized design (CRD) was established using five treatments, study levels separation was applied by using the Tukey test at 5% at 72,144 and 216 hours to determine the best possible treatment. The results obtained showed that the aqueous saponins extract has a higher percentage of in-vitro growth inhibition of Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. with a value of 89.5% and 26.42% respectively, for Rhizoctonia sp. the percentage of inhibition was low with a value of 3.26% to 3.72% in the concentrations of 87.5% and 75%, for Pythium sp. the percentage of inhibition was 12.01% and 6.86% in the concentrations of 37.5% and 75%, while in the other concentrations the fungus growth was stimulated, for Botrytis sp. the inhibition percentage was 28.48%.