Diseño y construcción de un sanitario ecológico a través de un biofiltro de bagazo de caña para aguas negras en la Finca Ovina San Pablo de la Parroquia Rural Facundo Vela.

Abstract

The following investigation's objective was to design an ecological sanitary through a biofilter with cane bagasse for black waters applied in the Ovina San Pablo Farm of the rural parish Facundo Vela, Bolívar province. The methodology of the technical work started from the topographic survey of the exact place of sampling and its subsequent characterization of the water before and after treatment. The parameters of analysis were: Color, hydrogen potential (pH), Conductivity, Turbidity, Chlorides, Nitrates, Phosphates, Suspended Solids (SS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand ( DB05), Total Coliforms (CT) and Fecal Coliforms at three concentrations: (i) white concentration, (ii) residual concentration and (iii) filtered residual concentration of a family of the sector. The values obtained will be compared with the limits specified in the Unified Text of Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of the Environment (TULSMA), which indicates the permissible limits framed in Environmental Quality Standard and discharge of effluents. In preparation of the biofilter was used, materials such as cane bagasse, limestone, activated carbon, gravel, sand and as a base is a layer of pumice stone that serves as a support for the other capable and in turn prevents the filtration of the sand by a pipe. Based on the results of the analyses carried out, it was obtained that, with the implementation of the biofilter and the use of these materials, the values of the tested parameters were reduced by 77%. It is concluded that water reuse can be managed with innovative and low-cost ideas. Its application is very valuable for agriculture since it guarantees the resource continuously. It is recommended in the short, medium and long term to replicate the idea and provide the community with adequate conditions to live, given that this can prevent diseases in the inhabitants by getting hygiene in the homes.