Obtención de plásticos biodegradables a partir de almidón de cascaras de papa para su aplicación industrial.

Abstract

The present research work consisted in the elaboration of bio plastic sheets from potato husk starch. The raw material with which we worked was with the starch extracted from Superchola variety potato husk, by means of the natural decanting method. Subsequently, the starch characterization was carried out in an external laboratory, in which the starch and amylose percentage were determined. While to obtain the bio plastic, five formulations were proposed based on the factorial design 22 by means of the Statgraphics Centurion XVI.I software. The resulting bio plastics were subjected to a sensory analysis that allowed estimating the most optimal formulation and from which they worked throughout the development of the research. By virtue of this, the bio plastics obtained based on the extracted starch and the commercial starch were compared. Then the bio plastic sheets were evaluated according to their physical properties such as thickness, moisture content, biodegradability, permeability and mechanical property with the tensile test. It should be noted that, from the bio plastic sheets of extracted starch (BAE) and the commercial bio plastic starch sheets (BAC), in the evaluation of the physical parameters presented approximate and satisfactory results in the tests of thickness, humidity, permeability and biodegradability. In the mechanical evaluation, BAE bio plastic sheets, in the tensile test, showed better results in the maximum effort with respect to BAC bio plastic sheets. All these parameters were the ones that contributed to determine the most appropriate applications for this BAE bio plastic, which were: as a prototype of the packaging window film and as ecological disposable sorbets. Consequently, the bio plastic produced in the laboratory exhibits physical and mechanical properties similar to traditional plastics.