Obtención de bioles y biosoles a partir del lodo que se extrae de las eras de secado del Camal Municipal del cantón Ambato.

Abstract

The objective was to obtain biol and biosol on a laboratory scale from mud that is extracted from the drying eras of the Municipal slaughterhouse from Ambato in the province of Tungurahua. It started by collecting organic residues from the slaughterhouse (a mixture of rumen, urine, hair and manure), as a substrate with three repetitions each (B1, B2 and B3), in three biodigesters of twenty liters capacity, and a digester based on pure manure as a raw material used as a control (Tc). Each treatment was mixed with water, yeast, molasses, buttermilk and ash, later it was submitted a period of anaerobic decomposition for forty-five days. The research area was adapted to avoid the interference of external variables, at the end of the fermentation, the liquid part (BIOL) and the solid part (BIOSOL) were extracted from the biodigesters to carry out the physical and chemical analysis. The results obtained in the two treatments were very similar, however the biol resulting from the control treatment (Tc) turned out to be the organic fertilizer that presented better characteristics with nitrogen concentrations (1326,96 mg/L), calcium (2821 mg/L), magnesium (1502 mg/L), phosphorus (519,70 mg/L) iron (36,87 mg/L), copper (0,84 mg/L) and zinc (1,87 mg/L), which showed that the type of organic waste influences in its nutritional quality. In the case of Biosol, treatment B (mud) showed a certain advantage in the concentrations of nitrogen (14217.35mg / L), phosphorus (365.33mg / L), calcium (24970,46 mg/L), iron (1031,08 mg/L), cooper (54,27mg/L), zinc (70,01 mg/L) compared to Tc, B2 and B3. This study offers an alternative in the use of waste generated in the slaughterhouse through the elaboration of organic fertilizers and in that way additional income would also be obtained. It is recommended to extend the study by comparing Biol which was obtained from mud by varying organic matter / water ratio.