Determinación del balance hídrico en la microcuenca de la quebrada de Quillalli en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua.

Abstract

The present investigation proposes: to determine the hydric balance in the microbasin of the Quebrada de Quillalli in Ambato small administrative district, Tungurahua province; by the equation proposed by Ordóñez (2011), which says P-Etc-l-R-Q = ΔS. The water supply of the micro-basin was determined, and 12 homemade pluviometric stations were installed throughout the micro-basin, this was done in order to measure the precipitation variable. On the other hand, for determining the water demand, the evapotranspiration of the "A" tank from the meteorological station closest to the study area were used, this was done in order to determine the water requirement of the crops. Infiltration and runoff tests were also carried out, for which the drip tray was used, and for the determination of the irrigation time the double ring infiltration cylinder was used. When performing the calculations of the different variables, an average rainfall of 498.45 mm / year was obtained as a result, which represented a volume of 13.88 hm3 / year, the evapotranspiration of the crops was 525.62 mm / year, which represented a volume of 15, 25 hm3/year, the runoff registered a volume of 11.62 hm3 / year, the volume of infiltration was 9.82 hm3 / year, and the affluent flow registered a volume of 4.73 hm3 / year. On the other hand, the total ecological flow to be preserved in the study area was 116.82 l/s during the wet season and 199.52 l/s during the dry season. These data were replaced in the water balance equation and registered that the microbasin of the Quebrada de Quillalli presented a water deficit of 27.54 hm3. So, it was determined that in the study area It was then determined that in the study area the water supply does not meet water demand.

Keywords: WATER BALANCE - MlCROBASIN- WATER SUPPLY -WATER DEMAND - IRRIGATION SHEET.