Descripción de las características anatómicas de la madera de cinco especies comerciales de la parroquia El Dorado, cantón Francisco de Orellana, perteneciente a la provincia Orellana.

Abstract

Ecuador is a mega diverse country with a vast variety of forest species of great economic value. However, the detailed information of these species is very limited, the current research proposes: To describe the anatomical characteristics of the wood of five commercial species of the “ El Dorado” parish, canton Francisco de Orellana, belonging to the Orellana province; to provide quality information to the forestry and industrial sector in order to guarantee a better use of the different forest species.To dendrologically describe the five species, it was necessary to collect aerial samples to be identified in the herbariums of the “Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo” (CHEP) and the “Universidad Católica de Quito” (QCA). In addition, the samples will remain in the ESPOCH herbarium. To determine the macroscopic characteristics, the samples were sized at 2x9x15 cm, in which characteristics such as color, smell, taste, brightness, veining, texture were observed. For the microscopic ones, cubes of 2 cm of edge were obtained. Those were submitted to a softening process in the autoclave at a temperature of 121 ° C and a pressure of 0.15 MPa, with different number of cycles due to the hardness of the wood of each species, with which slides were cut in the rotary microtome with a thickness of 0.3 microns, which were stained with orcein A, orcein B and bright green. It allowed to identify the current structures in each section of the transverse (X), radial (R) and tangential (T) planes. Finally, comparisons about the anatomical characteristics among the five species were made to determine and established similarities and differences. It is concluded that the stains used are quite adequate to observe the structures of these species, although the five species belong to different families with particular features shared with some of them. Key words: ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WOOD - COMMERCIAL SPECIES - STAINING OF WOOD - DENDROLOGY - FOREST SPECIES.