Evaluación del efecto nematicida de extractos alcoholicos de tres especies vegetales (Ricinus comunis, Tagetes filifolia, Nicotiana tabacum) en el cantón Riobamba.

Abstract

The objective of the present research work was to evaluate by in vitro tests the nematicidal effectiveness of the alcoholic extracts of leaves, roots, stems of Higuerilla (Ricinus communis), anisillo (Tagetes filifolia), Tobacco of the Sierra (Nicotiana tabacum). Once the plant material was collected, it was dried and crushed so that extracts were obtained by macerating the plant material with 96% v / v ethanol and concentrated in rotavapor under controlled conditions. The test of nematicide activity was carried out by the in vitro method of mortality of Paragrellus redivivus. Quality control of raw drug and alcoholic extracts was carried out. In the phytochemical screening, the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids sesquiterpenectones and, organoleptics, relative density, index of refraction, solids, and pH was determined to keep out the results for each species of solvents. For the nematicide trial, a completely randomized design was used with three replicates of the extracts of the three plants, at concentrations of 12.5; 6.3; 3.15 ug / ml (27 treatments), the target of distilled water and the positive control of benfuracarf, which were applied in tripetri boxes with 10 individuals of Paragrellus redivivus. 2,4,6,14,24 were evaluated, and 48 hours after the inoculation. The mortality index was obtained at 6 hours in the extract of T. filifolia with 83.3% which differs significantly from the other plants and extracts evaluated, followed by N tabacum, with 63.3% mortality at 24 hours, finally, of R. communis with 43.3% at 48 hours. Based on the literature, the activity of nematicides is attributed to the alkaloids and sesquiterpene lactones present and also to the interaction of other elements such as coumarins and flavonoids. As a result it is acceptable to recommend doing more essays about nematicide using essential oils.