Analizar los efectos de la tropósfera sobre la señal de GPS y el impacto en la precisión en el posicionamiento de un receptor.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to analyze the effects of the troposphere on the GPS signal and the impact on the positioning accuracy of a GPS receiver. For this purpose, it was investigated the meteorological data that allows to determine the tropospheric delay, fundamental factor to determine the affectation that exists in the accuracy of the position reading of a GPS receiver (Global Positioning System), besides, it was investigated which are the tropospheric correction models, which reduce the effect that tropospheric delay has on the signal, as well as the ITU recommendations (International Telecommunication Union) on the propagation of signals in the troposphere. For the determination of the effects caused by the tropospheric components, for which meteorological data of relative humidity, ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure were used, taking as reference 6 days of observation with different climatic conditions, data obtained from the meteorological station located at Chimborazo Airport. From the GNSS (Global Navigation System) observation station located in the building of the Empresa Eléctrica Riobamba SA, the RINEX files were extracted, which were processed by using the MATLAB computer tool and the tropospheric correction was modelled with the RTKLIB tools pool, it is concluded that the greatest variations are presented in the altitude value that with the post processing of the data with a suitable tropospheric correction model the error rate can be reduced up to 70%.