Plan de mejoramiento con recomendaciones técnicas para los parámetros de operación de las estaciones de radiodifusión en frecuencia modulada analógica (FM) para la ciudad de Ambato.

Abstract

The improvement plan with technical recommendations for the operation of FM broadcasting systems in Ambato city aims to obtain a current diagnosis of this service, through a technical study, analyzing, and contrasting the data collected with the technical standard for the analog FM sound broadcasting service generated by the Telecommunications Regulatory and Control Agency (ARCOTEL) 2015 000-61 based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU R BS 412-9). The technical parameters are electric field strength, bandwidth, transmission powers, and interference; parameters that directly influence the reception of the signals broadcast by authorized FM stations in Ambato, that is, examining cause and effect of signal attenuation when it propagates and travels long distances, knowing this phenomenon as trajectory losses. The methodological framework for the extraction of samples was used both hardware and Anritsu spectrum analyzer MS2724C, Directional antennas Rohde & Schwarz HE-300 model, global positioning meter (GPS) and software, Master software Tools. The measurements were made to the 42 FM broadcasters, which operate in Ambato city according to the concession contracts, 10 points within the topography of the city were randomly chosen, which were supervised by technicians of the ARCOTEL, considered as shadow points, obtaining as results that of a total of 42 FM broadcasters in field strength, 85.71% of the stations operate within the ranges established by the standard for primary and secondary coverage and 14.26% of FM stations are outside the coverage range, in bandwidth, a 61.90%, of the broadcasters fulfill established values in the technical standard and 38.08% of FM stations exceed or are below the levels allowed for this parameter, the transmission power shows that 83.33% of the stations are operating bellower than the authorized powers, and 18.67% of FM stations exceed their authorized powers. It is concluded that the problem of low-quality of the received signal by users is due to the elements of the radiating system as a type of antenna, bad equipment calibration, losses in connectors and cables, grounding, etc. The incorrect location and order when installing the transmitters. It is recommended the use of certified equipment and technical personnel for the use and installation of broadcasting equipment.