Análisis comparativo de residuos sólidos generados en las Unidades de Salud Hospitalaria de Macas, y propuesta técnica para el manejo integral.

Abstract

A comparative analysis of solid waste and a technical proposal for integral management were carried out in the Ambulatory Outpatient Clinical Care Center (CCQA) -Hospital del Dia IESS and in the General Hospital (HCGM) in Macas, applying direct observation and surveys to perform a situational diagnosis, evaluate results, statistically examine numerical data obtained and determine feasible procedures for its integral management; for the sampling and characterization of wastes, the methodology of the Pan American Center for Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences was used; for the comparative analysis, a null and alternative hypothesis was proposed, for the verification of quantitative variables, Student's T was used; and for qualitative variables, the Chi square method, using the statistical computer package SPSS; the technical proposals are based on Regulation No. 0681 of the Ministry of Health and Environment, obtaining a technical tool for the proper management of waste; In terms of generation results, the CCQA produces 25,027 kg. Waste / day and the HGM produces 67,180 kg. Waste / day based on the statistical analysis carried out, it is concluded that the CCQA and the HGM do not generate the same amount of waste, as well as the service areas that compose it, however, there is no significant difference between the generation of common waste between the hospitals, but in the generation of solid waste, since the HGM generates 5 times as much waste as the CCQA; through the analysis of the independence of variables, it was found that the type of waste generated is independent of the type of hospital health unit where it was generated. It is recommended to apply the proposals for compliance with environmental and health legislation, in addition, use the data obtained from generation as a basis for planning, procurement of inputs for comprehensive management.