Evaluación de la eficiencia del hongo Pleurotus ostreatus, en la biodegradación de suelos contaminados por carbaryl.

Abstract

The efficiency of the Pleurotus ostreatus fungus was assessed in the biodegradation of contaminated soils by the pesticide carbary1. Nine soil samples from Tres Cerritos Parish, Pasaje canton, Oro Province were obtained. The concentration of the pesticide was determined through high-resolution gas chromatography (HPLC), the Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium was inoculated in wheat and oats sedes, three treatment were implemented, with three repetitions, for this, 3 kg of contaminated soil were placed in plastic containers. For the first treatment, the mycelium of the fungus dissolved in distilled water was placed directly into the soil dissolved in distilled water. In the second treatment, 300 grams of colonizes oats with the mycelium of the fungus were placed. Fort he third treatment, the wheat seeds were placed. Having reached the fruiting stage of the fungus, it was determined the concentration of carbary1 of each of the treatments and the percentage of degradation. The experimental design implemented was a DCA (completely randomized design). The average concentration of carbaryl on the ground is 8108.6 mg/kg, depending on the distribution of the samples. The coefficient of variation is 0.00047. The surface of study presented some levels of homogeneous contamination. Treatment 3 (Pleurotus ostreatus + wheat) was the one that presented the greatest capacity of degradation of carbary1 with 59.06% of degradation followed by treatment 2 (Pleurotus ostreatus + oats) with 55.95%. Treatment 1, where only Pleurotus ostreatus was used, presented the lowest percentage of degradation with 48.26%. Pleurotus ostreatus proved to be capable of degrading the contaminant present in the soil, increasing its efficiency when it is complemented with a growing substrate such as wheat, which makes it a viable alternative for the remediation of contaminated soil.