Diseño de un manual de operación y plan de gestión integral de desechos sólidos para la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales, Macas, Morona.

Abstract

The objective was to design an Operation Manual and a Solid Waste Management Plan for the Wastewater Treatment Plant (PTAR) of the Macas city. In relation to the manual, the investigation began with the characterization of the affluent and effluent of the plant, identification of the climatological conditions and determination of the operational characteristics; while for development of an action plan the following activities were carried out: characterization of solid waste and evaluation of environmental impacts caused by them. The results of these actions led to determine that the plant has an efficiency of 56.58% and that it does not reach a higher percentage because the maintenance activities are not frequent so there is an excessive accumulation of fats and creams in the facultative lagoons causing an increase of 4.66% of BOD in the effluent. Macas, with an Equatorial Tropical climate, it is an ideal place for the proper operation of the PTAR. The operational characteristics indicate that all the units of the system are functional and that current the plant operates with a flow lower than the design (40.74 L / s). Regarding the management plan, it was determined that the generation of solid waste of the plant is 5.02kg / day; and with the evaluation of impacts, it was found that the impacting actions are: removal of solid materials from the screening units and maintenance of green areas and gardens. The research carried out will help to establish adequate operation and maintenance procedures for the optimal functioning of the plant. Additionally, the plan will serve as a guide for the prevention of environmental pollution caused by the waste generated in the plant. It is recommended to analyze the facultative lagoons Sludge, to provide them with an adequate use and/or final disposal.