Detección en frotis sanguíneo de posibles infecciones bacterianas, virales y parasitarias, en los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa “Velasco Ibarra” del cantón Guamote, provincia de Chimborazo en el periodo académico 2017-2018.

Abstract

The objective of this work was to identify the grade of incidence of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections in blood smears, facing a possible variability of the normal values of the blood differential, in the school population of the "Velasco Ibarra" Educational Unit, of the Guamote canton. From the manual analysis in the blood samples obtained from the students, the reading of each sample was carried out in duplicate by means of an automatic counter in order to carry a count of 100 blood cells and determine their respective percentages. The method used to read the plates was a blood smear for which a plate was prepared with a drop of blood spread on it to form a thin layer, same that was left to dry for later step dye it with Wright's reagent, so that the blood cells take a specific color so that their recognition under a microscope is feasible. The population studied was 642 patients, who were divided into 297 men and 345 women; in relation to the possibly pathological population (PPP), 21.49% of the total study population that corresponds to 138 patients, can present a possible infection of any type, whether it is bacterial, viral or parasitic. 31.16% of the total PPP corresponds to 43 people, who were classified as patients with a possible bacterial infection, because the increase of neutrophils over the normal values of the blood differential; 34.06% of the total PPP corresponds to 47 people that by increasing in lymphocytes above the normal value were considered as patients with a possible viral infection; while 34.78% of the total PPP corresponds to 48 people who were studied as patients with a possible parasitic infection due to the increase of eosinophils over the reference value. It is recommended to carry out a comparative study among the main educational units of the cantons of the Chimborazo province so that a better and more specific statistics can be taken to maintain data, which will help improve the lifestyle of the child and adolescent population of the Chimborazo province.