Prevalencia de anemia ferropénica y desnutrición en los escolares que asisten a la Unidad Educativa Velasco Ibarra del cantón Guamote, provincia de Chimborazo 2017.

Abstract

The purpose of the research was to determine the iron deficiency anemia and malnutrition on children and teenagers attending to Velasco Ibarra Educational Unit from Guamote, Chimborazo Province during 2017. For this, 628 biological samples were collected. For obtaining the data it was necessary to take some anthropometric measures, and for the laboratory analysis the primary and secondary erythrocyte indexes were determined as well as a complete hematological analysis through which it was possible to determine the hematocrit in a manual way, the determination of red blood cells, the qualitative determination of hemoglobin, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), the determination of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), the serum iron, the nutritional status that was established through the height measurement with the use of a fixed stature meter as well as the weight with the use of a scale. The results were that the hematocrit mean on children and teenagers is 44.04%, red blood cells 4.91 mill/ul, corpuscular volume 90.26 ft and mean corpuscular hemoglobin 33.33. pg. It is concluded that the anemia indexes on students is 1.12% in group 2; 0,81% in group 3 and 1,35% in group 5 of the population to be studied and from 4 to 17 years. In addition, there are cases with tendency to mild anemia that were reflected in percentages of 12,92%; 11,17%; 13,01% and 12,84% in groups 1,2,3,5 respectively. Regarding to the analysis some high values were found in the following percentages: 1,12%; 0,56%; 3,2% and 6,08% on children from group 1,2,3 and 5 respectively. It is necessary to train people from Guamote County on the need of a good nutrition to avoid malnutrition and anemia problems, especially for people in charge of preparing the daily diet.