Identificación in sílico de enzimas que participan en el proceso de biosíntesis de flavonoides y su regulación en Helianthus annuus.

Abstract

The aim of this work was to identify in silico the enzymes participating in the biosynthesis process of flavonoids and their regulatory mechanism in Helianthus annuus. The amino acid sequence of each one of the decoded proteins in Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genoms was used. Similar regions of the sequences with other equivalent proteins were identified using BLAST. Fuctional networks of protein-protein interaction were obtained using STRING. The enzymes in the cell membrane were located using TMHMM. The tridimensional structure of all enzymes and the ligand biding sites in Bioinformatics web servers of Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the University of Reading respectively were predicted. The molecular weight and the isoelectric point were calculated. The enzymes participating in the flavonoid biosynthesis identified in Helianthus annuus were as follows: chalcone synthase, chancona isomerase, naringenin 3-dioxygenase, flavonol synthase, Trans-cinnamate, 4-monooxygenase, o- hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, cumaroil shikimate 3’-monooxygenase, and caffeoyl-CoA- methyltransferase. The four enzymes of the flavonoid metabolon were as follows: dihydroflavanol 4-reductase, flavonoid 3’monooxygenase, leucoanthocyanidin, dioxygenase, and leucoanthocyanidin reductase. The flavonoid biosynthetic path in Helianthus annuus is regulated by a mechanism at transcriptional level where certain genes code the process of gene expression and other one at a physiological level being a mechanism of defense against conditions of biotic and abiotic stress of the plant. It is concluded that the enzymes catalyzing the flavonoid biosynthesis in Helianthus annuus show a structural and functional relationship with others of the same nature identified in different species. It is recommended to carry out similar studies in endemic plants of Ecuador under techniques in silico.