Determinación de los factores que predisponen síndrome metabólico en estudiantes de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa “San Andrés” perteneciente al cantón Guano de la provincia de Chimborazo, en el año lectivo 2016-2017.

Abstract

The risk factors that predispose to Metabolic Syndrome (SM) in high school students from "San Andrés" Educational Unit located in Guano County was determined. It was a cross-sectional, descriptive study in which 152 students aged from 14 to 20 years participated. An informative talk was carried out, explaining core of the study; students were given a consent or authorization form to be part of this research. A survey was applied to obtain non-measurable parameters, students were asked about their dietary habits, time for physical Activity as well as the use of harmful substances. A Data sheet was applied to obtain measurable parameters such as: age, se, family history, height, weight, body-mass-Index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure and the results of biochemical determinations such as: glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol and triglycerides. The criteria proposed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) were taken into account to analyze the teenagers’ results. The risk factors reflected by the teenagers which were not Metabolic Syndrome (SM) diagnosed are: 31,58% of hypertriglyceridemia, 19,07% of low levels of HDL-C, 9,87% of hyperglycemia and 1,97% change of waist circumference, while the teenagers which were Metabolic Syndrome (SM) diagnosed reflected a change of waist circumference and low levels of HDL-C with 1,31%; high hypertriglyceridemia and blood pressure with 0,66%. In conclusion, the main risk factors reflected by the teenagers are: hypertriglyceridemia, low levels of HDL-C, lack of physical activity and eating junk food. So, one-third of the study population reflect a high risk of developing metabolic syndrome. It is recommended that students do more physical activity and monitor students with Metabolic Syndrome (SM).