Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento para las aguas residuales generadas en la Planta Procesadora ‘Lácteos Oriente del Ecuador’, ubicada en la provincia Pastaza.

Abstract

The objective of the degree work was the development of a treatment system for the wastewater generated in the Lacteos Oriente dairy processing plant in Ecuador, located in in Pastaza province, with the aim to fulfill with the regulations of the Environmental Law. For which it began with the flow measurement for seven consecutive days, every hour and obtaining an average flow of 2,052 m3/h. Then, the study of the residual waters from the work plant during working times, samples of 1,25 L every hour during 8 hours, with the aim to get a composite sample, in which the corresponding physical, chemical, and microbiological analysis done. Being able to identify the parameters that are outside the allowed limit established in the Table 9. Limits of Discharge of Fresh Water, being the following: BOD, COD, oils and fats, total nitrogen, total solids and suspended solids. With values of: 1874 mg/L, 3300 mg/L, 295,43 mg/L, 171,4 mg/L, 2568 mg/L, 606 mg/L; respectively. Treatability test developed through a combined system that consists in making use of physical and chemical methods. The treatment process begins with the operation of separation or elimination of fats and oils in the wastewa ter using the implementation of a fat trap, to continue with a filtration using a slow filtering system of sand and gravel. Afterward, chemical treatment with the use of jars tests done to find the optimal coagulation dose to treat wastewater, being PAC the most effective. Then, the corresponding calculations of dimensioning of equipment for the treatment system were done, designing an entrance channel, a grid, followed by a fat trap, a slow filter, continuing with a flocculator and a settler. Finally, the proposed design was validated through cost analysis, concluding that the model is efficient and economical, so it is recommended to implement it immediately.