Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento para las aguas residuales generadas en el sector “Chaquishca”, parroquia Guanujo, cantón Guaranda.

Abstract

It was designed a treatment system for wastewater generated in the "Chaquishca" sector. In order to make this possible, the first step was to verify the current state of the wastewater discharge system. This process gave as a result a composite sample to perform a physical, chemical, and microbiological characterization. The characterization enabled to determine the pollutants having concentrations greater than those allowed by the regulations environmental that prevails in our country, which are BOD5 (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) 153 mg / L; OCD (Oxygen Chemical Demand) 233mg / L; SST (Total suspended solids) 143 mg / L; oils and fats 34 mg / L , and fecal coliforms 7800 CFU / 100 ml. After gathering the data, it was determined that the best treatment that could be provided to the effluent originated in Chaquishca, is to make use of a system formed by an entrance channel in which a grid system is located. Subsequently, the flow is directed to a trap of fats, this as part of the pretreatment, and as a core segment of the system a horizontal subsurface artificial wetland was designed by using cattails (Scirpus californicus) as vegetation. This proposed system was designed with the treatability tests performed at the laboratory scale and the subsequent analysis of wastewater. The findings of the analysis reported values for the contaminants that were of special interest, such as; BOD5 17mg / L, whose removal rate is 88.88%, OCD 28 mg / l, with a removal percentage of 87.98%; total suspended solids 23 mg / L, with a removal percentage of 84, 34% and fecal coliforms <1 CFU / 100 mL with a removal percentage of 99%. In this way, the objective set has been achieved, and an effective and low-cost treatment system has been provided for Chaquishca wastewater. For this reason, it is recommended to implement this treatment system immediately.