Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales para la parroquia Facundo Vela, del cantón Guaranda provincia de Bolívar.

Abstract

The present research work was carried out with the purpose of minimizing the contamination of the main geographic artery that passes through the sector, apart from complying with the provisions of current environmental regulations, for this reason, Residual Water Treatment System was designed for the Facundo Vela Parish, of the Guaranda Canton, Bolívar Province. In which the generated flow was determined, taking as a reference the months of June and July of this year, for the reason that months were the winter and summer seasons respectively, taking measurements in each month for seven consecutive days, determining the average flow of these months, being 4.2 L / s. For the primary characterization of the residual water, composite samples were taken, the following parameters were obtained that are outside Norma: aluminum, barium, zinc, chlorides, copper, sulfate, DB05, DQO, fluorides, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and solids suspended total. The biodegradability index was calculated obtaining a value of 0.348, which indicates that the water to be treated it is biodegradable, for this reason, a Combined Treatment System is established and the proposal is: grids, channel, biological reactor, coagulation-flocculation, secondary sedimentation, sand-gravel filter and active carbon. The respective treatability and jar test were carried out the laboratory level, in which it was determined the optimal coagulant and flocculant dosages, being: PAC 4 ppm, CHEMEFLOC N-9320.8 PPM ionic auxiliary, a balance of removal of contaminants in each stage of the process. Finally, the treated water was valid in the CESTTA laboratory. With the design of the proposed treatment plant, an efficiency of 97.18% was obtained, concluding that the treatment is reliable for its execution.