Comparación del grado de inserción en polipropileno (PP), entre anhidrido acético y anhidrido maleico para su utilización en mezclas de plástico.

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the insertion degree in propylene (pp), compared to acetic anhydride and maleic anhydride to be used in plastic mixtures. The mixtures of polymers are important for both, domestic and industrial level since they make possible to improve the properties of already known materials. This specific case of the polyethylene terephthalate and its possible mixtures has been selected according to the statistics of the INEN solid waste (2014), 60% of the total plastics found in urban solid waste are PP and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which enables its possible reuse, opting for secondary recycling by extrusion. The first point was the characterization of unspoiled propylene, analyzing the density and calorific value, achieving compliance with the parameters established in Standards ASTMD-792 and ASTM C-351. Subsequently, formulations were made by varying each of the components in order to obtain the best formulation for the treatment of propylene with acetic anhydride and maleic anhydride. This criterion was adopted after discussing the results of the study of mixtures of recycled polymers for the improvement of their properties. The samples were analyzed by using two analytical methods, such as infrared spectroscopy and retro-titration, determining functional groups such as carbonyls. With infrared spectroscopy the carbonyl index was determined by analyzing the absorption bands giving values of 2.37 for acetic anhydride and 2.44 anhydride maleic, by retrotitration the percentage of grafting was determined with values of 1.63 for the anhydride acetic and 2.0 for the maleic anhydride. As final recommendation, it is important to make mixtures of polypropylene treated with acetic anhydride and maleic anhydride.