Diseño de un proceso para la obtención de detergente líquido mediante la extracción de saponina extraída de Quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), Chocho (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) y Cabuya (Sisalana perrine).

Abstract

It was designed a process to obtain liquid detergent through the extraction of saponin from quinoa Chenopodium quinoa Willd), chocho (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) and agave (Sisalana Perrine) in the Instrumental and Research Chemistry Laboratory if the Sciense Faculty of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. It performed the soxhlet extraction and simple extraction using as solvent ethanol to 96% of purity, where it was determined that the most efficient method to obtain saponin was the simple extraction method. The saponin extraction consists of the following unit operations: extrusion, filtration, and distillation. Then it proceeded with the characterization of the saponin determining physical-chemical properties: density 1,11g/mL; temperature 20,2 °C; pH 6,64; IR 1,372; °Brix 25 and viscosity 386,8 Cp. Finally it was developed the liquid detergent and the respective analysis was developed based on NTE INEN 0847 (2009) standard getting the following results: fatty matter 3,28 %; free alkalinity (NaOH) 0%; active matter 36,12%; phosphate 0,08%; biodegradability 94%. For this reason, it is a commercial product its standards are within the range and it is free of the main contaminant components providing the ecological conservation of the world. The design of the liquid detergent development consists of the following unit operations: agitation, mixed, and packaging. It was considered the variables of the process that are needed to the equipment dimensioning as agitation speed between 20 and 150 rpm, the agitation time estimated to the total elaboration of the liquid detergent it is between 45-60 min, the mass flow of 194,93 Kg/h and the volumetric flow of 189,25 L/h. Through estimate of the financial indicators with values of: VAN $174.074,21; TIR 87%; I. Profitability $ 2,82 and recovery period of a year and two months are results that show the project is totally viable.