Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales para la parroquia Salinas, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar.

Abstract

The design of a sewage treatment system was carried out for Salinas Parish, Guaranda County in order to reduce the polluting charge in the discharge for Salinas River. Some compound samples were collected for the physical-chemical and microbiological characterization, whose results were: Color 159.99 UTC, Turbidity 74.14 NTU, Total Dissolved Solids 175.91 mg/L, Phosphates 11.56 mg/L, Total Iron 11.53 mg/L, Magnesium 2.47 mg/L, Barium 2.8 mg/L, Fecal Coliforms 2486.13 NMP/100mL, Oxygen Biochemical Demand 270.95 mg/L, Oxygen Chemical Demand 738.25 mg/L. These parameters are out of TULSMA Norm Official Register, Ministerial Agreement 378, table 09. Water treatability tests were carried out through the jar test method; in addition, the aluminum polychloride reagents and Chemfloc were used to find the optimal dosage for treating sewage. The variables identified allowed designing the sewage treatment system that will contain the following processes: rack, horizontal flow desander channel, parshall channel, mixer tank, horizontal flow sedimentation tank, gravel and activated carbon filters. The final characterization of treated water was carried out with the following results: Color 1.00 UTC, Turbidity 0.58 NTU, Total Dissolved Solids 2.89 mg/L, Phosphates 0.15 mg/L, Total Iron 0.26 mg/L, Magnesium 0.12 mg/L, Barium 0.99 mg/L, Fecal Coliforms 2486.13 NMP/100mL, Oxygen Biochemical Demand < 30 mg/L, Oxygen Chemical Demand 4.30 mg/L. This accomplishes the parameters under the allowed limits by the Official Register Ministerial Agreement 387, Table 09 regarding to discharge limits into a fresh water source.