Caracterización carpológica de especies de uso alimenticio del área arqueológica del Monte Puñay, cantón Chunchi, provincia de Chimborazo

Abstract

This research work proposes: carpological characterize the food use species of the Mount Puñay, Chunchi canton, province of Chimborazo archaeological area, by means of argo biodiversity, it looks for to contribute the ancestral knowledge rescue and guarantee food sovereignty. By means of flora inventory at Nizag, Piñancay, Joyagshi and Launag communities in Chimborazo and Shungumarca in Cañar province, where fifty-three species were identified, three belongs to cereals or grasses, three legumes, fourteen vegetables, twenty-five fruits and eight tubers. In the agroecological zoning, the communities were classified into four agro-ecological zones: Yunga, Quechua, Suni and Puna. For the taxonomic characterization, variables such as: gender order, scientific name, family and variety were considered. For the morphological characterization of carpological sampling, variables such as: surface of the tegument, 2D shape, 3D shape, weight, size of margin, type of apex were also considered. To determine the agrodiversity state of conservation of precolumbian crops, the results of the agroecological zoning were used, evidencing that Nizag community is the only one that conserves its agricultural practices until the present time because in the four communities the livestock activity stands out, the calculation of the biodiversity indexes was carried out, which reveals that the agrodiversity of the area is threatened by different factors. It is concluded that the carpological study made contributions to the conservation of ancestral knowledge, which are expressed in the use and care of seeds. Keywords: CARPOLOGY - ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREA - MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION - AGRODIVERSITY CONSERVATION