Implementación de un sistema automático de riego por goteo.

Abstract

This research had as objective the cultivation of Daniela variety tomato based on the hydroponic agriculture through an automatic drip irrigation system fuzzy control. The input variable was defined (temperature, humidity, Ph, electric conductivity of the substrate) and output (irrigation water, nutrient solution) to study the technical characteristics of sensors and actuators used in these systems; with the aim of monitoring and experiment the changes of the variables, to know the efficiency of the efficiency of the controller against the disturbance of the environment and physiological needs of the crop. Relevant data were obtained to know if the fuzzy controller is optimal or not. The fuzzy control rules were modified with the experimentation to get a better system responsiveness. The design determined that the type of controller is of a closed loop with proportional control through an interference engine based on the Mandami algorithm. The obtained results were: Water consumption per liters 135 liters/day and nutrient 40 liters/day average in a crop of 144 plants; the diameters of the tomatoes vary from 3 1/2” a 4” in its first harvest on the 11 weeks after transplantation. The data collection allows knowing the following mode values in the error of temperature +0.38°C, humidity -1.8%, pH +1 unit, the electric conductivity of -588 uS/cm. Concluding that through a controller based on fuzzy logic allows that the irrigation of nutrient solution or water will be in the quantity and in the time that the plant requires; obtaining in this way products with larger diameter and juicy in less time comparing with other crops; and thus manage the measurement variables within the range of optimal errors. It is recommended that the fertilizer tank has a recirculation system to not allow the nutrient salts settlement.