Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de humedales artificiales para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con hidrocarburos del río Rumiyacu, provincia de Orellana parroquia Taracoa, 2016.

Abstract

The objective was to design and build a prototype of artificial wetlands for the treatment of contaminated water with hydrocarbons from the Rumiyacu River, ParroquiaTaracoa, Cantón Francisco de Orellana. The design of artificial wetlands adapted to the water characteristics of the Rumiyacu River, allowed to reduce and/or eliminate its present organic pollutant load. The float methodology was used to measure its flow rate, which was 0.58 m3/s, A composite sample was taken, from which aliquots were taken (composite sample) to be analyzed in the laboratory; with these data the artificial wetland was designed, the pastures Echynochloapolystachya, Pennisetum purpureum, Panicum maximum were planted, their growth was evaluated and by means of tatistical analysis, analysis of variances (ADEVA) the species that removes most the contaminants were classified, obtaining the following results: the grass that more removal of the DQO was the German grass (70.04%) and the arvense (58.59), meanwhile greater removal of the DBO was the elephant grass (98.77%), German (70.24%) and arvense (5%); but no grass removed the Nickel, unlike the removal of iron, the German grass (67.57%), the elephant (77.06), the Chilean (90.95%), and the arvense (90.52%); however the removal of the TPH, the arvense and the German grass removed 50% respectively, finally the removal of total coliforms were Chilean grass (33.33%), German grass (28.57%), Arvense (12.50%), finally the fecal coliforms removed their concentration by the Chilean grass (50%), elephant grass (36.36%), arvense (33.33%) and the German grass (27.27%), therefore it is concluded that the treatment of the river water Rumiyacu by means of artificial wetlands decreases its pollutant load in a 44.53% approximately, it is recommended to carry out a monitoring, and an integral environmental assessment of the river.