Evaluación de la bioacumulación de trazas de metales pesados en la especie Manihot esculenta; Crantz cultivada en suelo remediado de la parroquia Taracoa.

Abstract

This investigation aims to evaluate the bioaccumulation capacity of heavy metal signs in the species Manihot esculenta, Crantz, grown in repaired soil of Taracoa parish. The soils in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region as a consequence of the oil activity contain high concentrations of heavy metal signs that is why we proposed to use the vegetal species Yucca (Manihot esculenta; Crantz) which is considered as a main food in the daily diet of the consumers. We established 8 experiments, 4 in repaired soil and 4 in agricultural soil in order to evaluate the influence of the concentrations of heavy metals in the growth of yucca. An initial soil characterization and a final evaluation in the soil and tuber was carried out to test if a bioaccumulation existed. We applied standardized methodologies for soil, sowing, farming harvest and tropical fruits sampling provided by the Autonomous National Institute of Agricultural Investigations (INIAP). Later, samples gotten by the Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) were analyzed in the laboratory. The results of bioaccumulation were lower. The ANOVA (ANalysis Of VAriance) design of a factor and a TUKEY statistical model were applied. We found meaningful differences in the stalk length, number of leaves, number of branches, number of tubers, tuber length and tuber weight of the species cultivated in the two soils. The tuber can not bio accumulate the heavy metal signs. They present concentrations equals to zero. The physical characteristics of the plants were affected by the presence of concentrations of heavy metal signs in the repaired soil. We suggested to investigate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in leaves and stalks of Yucca (Manihot esculenta; Crantz) to understand better the Eco toxicological effects that this species suffers.